Processo nº 2005.61.19.004841-3
Mots-clés
Parcours procédural du dossier
1st Instance:
Court: Justiça Federal - Seção Judiciária do Estado de São Paulo- 8º Vara [Federal Justice – Judiciary Section of São Paulo]
São Paulo, São Paulo
Reference: Processo nº 2005.61.19.004841-3
2nd Instance:
Court: Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região, Segunda Turma [Appelate Court]
São Paulo, São Paulo
2007-04-17
Reference: Processo nº 2005.61.19.004841-3 ACR 25085
Victime / Demandeurs de la première instance
Défendeurs / Répondants de la première instance
Résumé des faits
The defendant Marcelo Luís Polycarpo Cosmai was arrested in flagrante delicto, at the International Airport of Guarulhos, São Paulo, while trying to board the victim H.M.S. on the flight AR 1247 of the company Aerolineas Argentinas, to Madrid, Spain, where the victim would work as a prostitute.
Reports from telephone interceptions show that the defendant maintained contact with people in the city of Burgos, Spain, in order to mediate the output of the victim H.M.S. to that city, where she would exercise prostitution. The defendant not only oriented the victim to get a passport, but was also responsible for the ticket to Madrid and helped her to withdraw cash remitted by an individual identified as Costea Florin via WEST UNION, money that would only serve to mislead the Immigration Service in Spain, since the victim would have to return it once she get to Burgos. H.M.S. also would have to pay for the amount used to buy the tickets through the provision of prostitution services.
Thus, the defendant performed acts of intermediation and facilitation to output the victim of the national territory for the purpose of sexual exploitation, not consummating the crime due to circumstances unrelated to his will, that is, the approach taken by the Federal Police.
Considering more reports of telephone interception with judicial authorization, the complaint was added with imputation of facts classified under the terms of article 231 of the Penal Code and for the offence of organized criminal group, in accordance to the article 288 of the Penal Code. The Federal Police found that the defendant repeatedly sent Brazilian women abroad for the purpose of sexual exploitation and for that he acted in association with Daniel, Rick and Mariano. The defendant was responsible for the intermediation between the three men that lived in Spain and the women interested to work as prostitutes in that country. He promoted the output of, at least, three women (the victims M. and B. and P.)
The defendant usually parked and stayed in front of the Club “Kilt”, at São Paulo, where he offered cheaper transportation than a taxi, in a way to approach women and gain their trust. He received 300 euros for each women he recruited.
Frais/Réclamations/Décisions
Penal Code, article 231 combined with article 14, II
Tráfico internacional de pessoa para fim de exploração sexual
Art. 231. Promover ou facilitar a entrada, no território nacional, de alguém que nele venha a exercer a prostituição ou outra forma de exploração sexual, ou a saída de alguém que vá exercê-la no estrangeiro.
Pena - reclusão, de 3 (três) a 8 (oito) anos.
§ 1o Incorre na mesma pena aquele que agenciar, aliciar ou comprar a pessoa traficada, assim como, tendo conhecimento dessa condição, transportá-la, transferi-la ou alojá-la.
§ 2o A pena é aumentada da metade se:
I - a vítima é menor de 18 (dezoito) anos;
II - a vítima, por enfermidade ou deficiência mental, não tem o necessário discernimento para a prática do ato;
III - se o agente é ascendente, padrasto, madrasta, irmão, enteado, cônjuge, companheiro, tutor ou curador, preceptor ou empregador da vítima, ou se assumiu, por lei ou outra forma, obrigação de cuidado, proteção ou vigilância; ou
IV - há emprego de violência, grave ameaça ou fraude.
§ 3o Se o crime é cometido com o fim de obter vantagem econômica, aplica-se também multa.
International Trafficking in person for the purpose of sexual exploitation
Art. 231. To promote or to facilitate the entry in the national territory, for someone who will exert the prostitution or other form of sexual exploitation, or the output of someone who will exercise it abroad.
Penalty: imprisonment of 3 (three) to 8 (eight) years.
§ 1 The penalty is also applied for those which recruit, entice or buy the trafficked person, as well as, those which having knowledge of this condition, transport, transfer or host the trafficked person.
§ 2 The penalty is increased by half if:
I - the victim is a minor of 18 (eighteen) years;
II - the victim, by illness or mental disability, does not have the necessary discernment for the practice of the act;
III - if the agent is ascendant, stepfather, stepmother, brother, stepson, spouse, companion, tutor or curator, preceptor or employer of the victim, or if he assumed, by law or otherwise, obligation of care, protection or surveillance; or
IV - there are employment of violence, serious threat or fraud.
§ 3 If the crime is committed in order to obtain economic benefit, a fine is also applied.
[unofficial translation]
Art. 14 - Diz-se o crime:
Crime consumado
I - consumado, quando nele se reúnem todos os elementos de sua definição legal;
Tentativa
II - tentado, quando, iniciada a execução, não se consuma por circunstâncias alheias à vontade do agente.
Pena de tentativa
Parágrafo único - Salvo disposição em contrário, pune-se a tentativa com a pena correspondente ao crime consumado, diminuída de um a dois terços
Art. 14 – It is said crime:
Consummated crime
I – consummated when all the elements of the crime presented in its legal definition occurs.
Attempt
II- tempted when, although the execution is initiated, the crime is not consummated by circumstances beyond the control of the agent.
Penalty of attempt
Single paragraph- Unless otherwise provided, the attempt is punished with the penalty of the correspondent consummated crime, reduced by one to two thirds.
Penal Code, article 231 (three times) combined with article 69
Tráfico internacional de pessoa para fim de exploração sexual
Art. 231. Promover ou facilitar a entrada, no território nacional, de alguém que nele venha a exercer a prostituição ou outra forma de exploração sexual, ou a saída de alguém que vá exercê-la no estrangeiro.
Pena - reclusão, de 3 (três) a 8 (oito) anos.
§ 1o Incorre na mesma pena aquele que agenciar, aliciar ou comprar a pessoa traficada, assim como, tendo conhecimento dessa condição, transportá-la, transferi-la ou alojá-la.
§ 2o A pena é aumentada da metade se:
I - a vítima é menor de 18 (dezoito) anos;
II - a vítima, por enfermidade ou deficiência mental, não tem o necessário discernimento para a prática do ato;
III - se o agente é ascendente, padrasto, madrasta, irmão, enteado, cônjuge, companheiro, tutor ou curador, preceptor ou empregador da vítima, ou se assumiu, por lei ou outra forma, obrigação de cuidado, proteção ou vigilância; ou
IV - há emprego de violência, grave ameaça ou fraude.
§ 3o Se o crime é cometido com o fim de obter vantagem econômica, aplica-se também multa.
International Trafficking in person for the purpose of sexual exploitation
Art. 231. To promote or to facilitate the entry in the national territory, for someone who will exert the prostitution or other form of sexual exploitation, or the output of someone who will exercise it abroad.
Penalty: imprisonment of 3 (three) to 8 (eight) years.
§ 1 The penalty is also applied for those which recruit, entice or buy the trafficked person, as well as, those which having knowledge of this condition, transport, transfer or host the trafficked person.
§ 2 The penalty is increased by half if:
I - the victim is a minor of 18 (eighteen) years;
II - the victim, by illness or mental disability, does not have the necessary discernment for the practice of the act;
III - if the agent is ascendant, stepfather, stepmother, brother, stepson, spouse, companion, tutor or curator, preceptor or employer of the victim, or if he assumed, by law or otherwise, obligation of care, protection or surveillance; or
IV - there are employment of violence, serious threat or fraud.
§ 3 If the crime is committed in order to obtain economic benefit, a fine is also applied.
[unofficial translation]
Concurso material
Art. 69 - Quando o agente, mediante mais de uma ação ou omissão, pratica dois ou mais crimes, idênticos ou não, aplicam-se cumulativamente as penas privativas de liberdade em que haja incorrido. No caso de aplicação cumulativa de penas de reclusão e de detenção, executa-se primeiro aquela.
Material conquest
Art. 69 - when the agent, through more of an action or omission, practices two or more crimes, identical or not, it is applied, cumulatively, the custodial penalties in which he is incurred. In the case of cumulative application of penalties of imprisonment and detention, the first shall be executed before the other.
[unofficial translation]
Penal Code, article 288
Quadrilha ou bando
Art. 288 - Associarem-se mais de três pessoas, em quadrilha ou bando, para o fim de cometer crimes:
Pena - reclusão, de um a três anos.
Parágrafo único - A pena aplica-se em dobro, se a quadrilha ou bando é armado.
Cuadrilha or gang
Art. 288 – The joint of more than three people, in cuadrilha or gang, for the purpose of committing crimes:
Penalty: imprisonment one to three years.
Single Paragraph - The penalty increases twice, if the cuadrilha or gang is armed.
[unofficial translation]
The Judge of First Instance sentenced the defendant to 2 (two) years and 4 (four) months of imprisonment for the offenses of the article 231 of the Penal Code and 2 (two) years of imprisonment for the crime of the article 288 of the Penal Code, all to be initially fulfilled in a semi-open regime.
2nd instance:
The defendant appealed against the decision of First Instance sustaining that he was only sought by Daniel, Rick and Mariano to provide his services as a driver and that everything he did was to attend the requests of the women involved. He also claimed that the telephone interception was illegal and that there were no expertise proving that the voice was his. He argued that his confession to the police can not be used as evidence under penalty of violation of the guarantee of the constitutional right of silence. The defence uses the argument that the crime of the article 231 of the Penal Code does not admit the attempted form and affirms that for its consummation the woman must exercise the prostitution. The defendant argued that the flagrant was prepared and that there were no proofs of his association with the other three men. He pleaded for the annulment of the sentence or acquittal, in the terms of the article 356, VI, of the Penal Code.
The Court considered that the evidence gathered during the investigation was strong enough to prove that the defendant bought the tickets with money coming from abroad, leaded women to the airport, kept touch with agents outside, demonstrating the authorship and materiality of the crime of international trafficking in person for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The Court noted that the telephone interception was authorized by a judicial authority and that there were no elements to bring up suspects that the voice was not of the defendant, in accordance to the article 184, of the Penal Procedure Code. The Court also affirmed that the flagrant was not prepared, but expected. And the allegation that the crime of the article 231 of the Penal Code needed the exercise of prostitution to be consummated was refuted.
With regards to the crime of organized criminal group, the Court deliberated that there were not enough evidence. The Court noted that the offense of the article 288 of the Penal Code can not be confused with the mere occasional conquest.
For that reason the Court concluded that there was insufficient evidence of the offense of article 288 of the Penal Code and acquitted the defendant for that crime, in accordance to the article 386. VI, of the Penal Procedure Code. The Court also modified the sentence, reducing the penalty and replacing the custodial sentence to the provision of community services in order to be established by the Court of Criminal Executions and a fine of one minimum wage in favour of public entity or a private one with social destination.
Source/Citation
Court Decision:
Processo nº 2005.61.19.004841-3 ACR 25085
Commentaires ou Eléments Importants
One interesting feature is that the Judge of Second Instance cited other sentences that corroborate with the understanding that it is not an element of International Trafficking in person for the purpose of sexual exploitation, in the terms of the article 231 of the Penal Code, the effective exercise of prostitution (Cases Identifiers: TRF 3ª Reg., ACR nº 2005.03.99.009508-0 – Des. Fed. André Nekatschalow; and, TRF 4ª Reg., ACR nº1999.70.00.02885-3-4.)