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0011221-27.2009.4.03.6181

UNODC No.:
BRA044
Decisión/Fecha de lo Veredicto:
2011-02-22
Fecha de la Sentencia:
2011-02-22
Autor:
UNODC Regional Office for Brazil and the Southern Cone
Tribunal:
Federal Regional Court (Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região – Segunda Turma)

Palabras clave

Hechos:
Reclutamiento
Transporte
Translado
Acogida
Fines de explotación:
Explotación de la prostitución ajena u otras formas de explotación sexual
Sector en el que la explotación se lleva a cabo:
Explotación sexual comercial
Means:
Amenaza o al uso de la fuerza u otras formas de coacción
Abuso de poder o de una situación de vulnerabilidad

Informacíon procesal

Sistema Legal:
Derecho Civil
Última Corte:
Corte de Apelaciones
Tipo de Proceso:
Criminal

1st Instance:

Justiça Federal - Seção Judiciária do Estado de São Paulo- 4º Vara [Federal Justice – Judiciary Section of São Paulo]

São Paulo, São Paulo

2009-08-18

Reference: Processo nº 0011221-27.2009.4.03.6181

2nd Instance:

Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região, Primeira Turma [Appelate Court]

São Paulo, São Paulo

2011-02-22

Reference: Processo nº 0011221-27.2009.4.03.6181 RSE 5712


Víctima / Demandantes de primera instancia

Víctima:
Several Brazilian women

Acusado / Demandado de primera instancia

Acusado:
D.A.G.
Género:
Masculino
Acusado:
J.M.R.
Género:
Masculino
Acusado:
L.T.M.
Género:
Masculino
Acusado:
M.O.B.
Género:
Femenino

resumen de los hechos

The present case stemmed from an investigation by the Federal Police, called "Operation Harem," which sought to determine the role of a criminal organization focused on international trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The criminal organization recruited and sent Brazilian women to Middle East, Europe, Caribbean and Uruguay. The organized criminal group was formed by the defendants M.B.,L.T., D.A., and J.M.R.

M.B. recruited women to work in the Dominican Republic at the local Resort Viking, owned by the defendant D.A. and managed by J.M.R., where the women would stay and work as prostitutes.  L.T. provided the contact between the women recruited and D.A.

D.A. was responsible for the financial part and for the management of the intermediation services provided by L.T. and M.B. Once the women recruited arrived at the Resort Viking, located in the town of Cabaret in the Caribbean, they stayed under care of J.M.R. who was responsible for managing the Resort and the girls, giving them instructions and planning their sexual programs.


Cargos/Reclamación/Decisión

Acusado:
D.A.G.
Acusación/Reclamación:
International Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 231 combined with article 71 and article 69

Tráfico internacional de pessoa para fim de exploração sexual

Art. 231.  Promover ou facilitar a entrada, no território nacional, de alguém que nele venha a exercer a prostituição ou outra forma de exploração sexual, ou a saída de alguém que vá exercê-la no estrangeiro.

Pena - reclusão, de 3 (três) a 8 (oito) anos.

§ 1o  Incorre na mesma pena aquele que agenciar, aliciar ou comprar a pessoa traficada, assim como, tendo conhecimento dessa condição, transportá-la, transferi-la ou alojá-la.

§ 2o  A pena é aumentada da metade se:

I - a vítima é menor de 18 (dezoito) anos;

II - a vítima, por enfermidade ou deficiência mental, não tem o necessário discernimento para a prática do ato;

III - se o agente é ascendente, padrasto, madrasta, irmão, enteado, cônjuge, companheiro, tutor ou curador, preceptor ou empregador da vítima, ou se assumiu, por lei ou outra forma, obrigação de cuidado, proteção ou vigilância; ou

IV - há emprego de violência, grave ameaça ou fraude.

§ 3o  Se o crime é cometido com o fim de obter vantagem econômica, aplica-se também multa.

International Trafficking in person for the purpose of sexual exploitation

Art. 231. To promote or to facilitate the entry in the national territory, for someone who will exert the prostitution or other form of sexual exploitation, or the output of someone who will exercise it abroad.

Penalty: imprisonment of 3 (three) to 8 (eight) years.

§ 1 The penalty is also applied for those which recruit, entice or buy the trafficked person, as well as, those which having knowledge of this condition, transport, transfer or host the trafficked person.

§ 2 The penalty is increased by half if:

I - the victim is a minor of 18 (eighteen) years;

II - the victim, by illness or mental disability, does not have the necessary discernment for the practice of the act;

III - if the agent is ascendant, stepfather, stepmother, brother, stepson, spouse, companion, tutor or curator, preceptor or employer of the victim, or if he assumed, by law or otherwise, obligation of care, protection or surveillance; or

IV - there are employment of violence, serious threat or fraud.

§ 3 If the crime is committed in order to obtain economic benefit, a fine is also applied.

[unofficial translation]

Crime continuado

Art. 71 - Quando o agente, mediante mais de uma ação ou omissão, pratica dois ou mais crimes da mesma espécie e, pelas condições de tempo, lugar, maneira de execução e outras semelhantes, devem os subseqüentes ser havidos como continuação do primeiro, aplica-se-lhe a pena de um só dos crimes, se idênticas, ou a mais grave, se diversas, aumentada, em qualquer caso, de um sexto a dois terços.

Parágrafo único - Nos crimes dolosos, contra vítimas diferentes, cometidos com violência ou grave ameaça à pessoa, poderá o juiz, considerando a culpabilidade, os antecedentes, a conduta social e a personalidade do agente, bem como os motivos e as circunstâncias, aumentar a pena de um só dos crimes, se idênticas, ou a mais grave, se diversas, até o triplo, observadas as regras do parágrafo único do art. 70 e do art. 75 deste Código.

Continued crime

Art. 71 - When the person, with more than one action or omission, practices two or more offenses of the same kind, and by the conditions of time, place, kind of execution and related thing, they should be regarded as being the subsequent continuation of the first, only the penalty of first crime is applied, if identical, or worse, if different, augmented, in any case, from a sixth to two-thirds.

Single Paragraph - In felonies, against different victims, committed with violence or serious threat to the person, the judge may, considering the guilt , background, social behavior and personality of the person as well as the reasons and circumstances, increase the penalty of one of the crimes, whether identical or worse, if different, even triple, observing the rules from the single paragraph from art. 70 and art. 75 of this Code.

[unofficial translation]

Concurso material

Art. 69 - Quando o agente, mediante mais de uma ação ou omissão, pratica dois ou mais crimes, idênticos ou não, aplicam-se cumulativamente as penas privativas de liberdade em que haja incorrido. No caso de aplicação cumulativa de penas de reclusão e de detenção, executa-se primeiro aquela.

Material conquest

Art. 69 - when the agent, through more of an action or omission, practices two or more crimes, identical or not, it is applied, cumulatively, the custodial penalties in which he is incurred. In the case of cumulative application of penalties of imprisonment and detention,  the first shall be executed before the other.

[unofficial translation]



Acusación/Reclamación:
Favouring Prostitution or other form of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 228, §3º

Favorecimento da prostituição ou outra forma de exploração sexual

Art. 228.  Induzir ou atrair alguém à prostituição ou outra forma de exploração sexual, facilitá-la, impedir ou dificultar que alguém a abandone:

Pena - reclusão, de 2 (dois) a 5 (cinco) anos, e multa.

§ 1o  Se o agente é ascendente, padrasto, madrasta, irmão, enteado, cônjuge, companheiro, tutor ou curador, preceptor ou empregador da vítima, ou se assumiu, por lei ou outra forma, obrigação de cuidado, proteção ou vigilância:

Pena - reclusão, de 3 (três) a 8 (oito) anos.

§ 2º - Se o crime, é cometido com emprego de violência, grave ameaça ou fraude:

Pena - reclusão, de quatro a dez anos, além da pena correspondente à violência.

§ 3º - Se o crime é cometido com o fim de lucro, aplica-se também multa.

Favoring prostitution or other form of sexual exploitation.

Art. 228. To mislead or to attract someone to prostitution or other form of sexual exploitation, to facilitate it, to prevent or to hinder someone to leave it:

Penalty: imprisonment of 2 (two) to 5 (five) years, and fine.

§ 1 if the agent is ascendant, stepfather, stepmother, brother, stepson, spouse, companion, tutor or curator, preceptor or employer of the victim, or if he assumed, by law or otherwise, obligation of care, protection or surveillance:

Penalty: imprisonment of 3 (three) to 8 (eight) years.

§ 2 - if the crime is committed with the use of violence, serious threat or fraud:

Penalty - imprisonment, four to ten years, in addition to the penalty corresponding to the violence.

§ 3 - if the crime is committed with the end of profit, a fine is also applied.

[unofficial translation]


Acusación/Reclamación:
Ruffianism
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 230

Rufianismo

Art. 230 - Tirar proveito da prostituição alheia, participando diretamente de seus lucros ou fazendo-se sustentar, no todo ou em parte, por quem a exerça:

Pena - reclusão, de um a quatro anos, e multa.

§ 1o  Se a vítima é menor de 18 (dezoito) e maior de 14 (catorze) anos ou se o crime é cometido por ascendente, padrasto, madrasta, irmão, enteado, cônjuge, companheiro, tutor ou curador, preceptor ou empregador da vítima, ou por quem assumiu, por lei ou outra forma, obrigação de cuidado, proteção ou vigilância:

Pena - reclusão, de 3 (três) a 6 (seis) anos, e multa.

§ 2o  Se o crime é cometido mediante violência, grave ameaça, fraude ou outro meio que impeça ou dificulte a livre manifestação da vontade da vítima:

Pena - reclusão, de 2 (dois) a 8 (oito) anos, sem prejuízo da pena correspondente à violência.

Ruffianism

Art. 230 – To take advantage from the prostitution of another person, participating directly of its profits or living, in whole or in part, by the income of the prostituted person:

Penalty - imprisonment from one to four years, and fine.

§ 1 If the victim is a minor of 18 (eighteen) and greater than 14 (fourteen) years or if the crime is committed by ascending, stepfather, stepmother, brother, stepson, their spouse, partner, tutor or curator, preceptor or employer of the victim, or by whom assumed, by law or otherwise, obligation to care, protect or surveillance:

Penalty: imprisonment, three (3) to six (6) years, and fine.

§ 2 If the crime is committed with violence, threat, fraud or other means that prevent or impede the free expression of the will of the victim:

Penalty - imprisonment from 2 (two) to 8 (eight) years, without prejudice to the penalty corresponding to the violence.

[unofficial translation]

Acusación/Reclamación:
Organized Criminal Group
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code Article 288

Quadrilha ou bando

Art. 288 - Associarem-se mais de três pessoas, em quadrilha ou bando, para o fim de cometer crimes:

Pena - reclusão, de um a três anos.

Parágrafo único - A pena aplica-se em dobro, se a quadrilha ou bando é armado.

Cuadrilha or gang

Art. 288 – The joint of more than three people, in cuadrilha or gang, for the purpose of committing crimes:

Penalty: imprisonment one to three years.

Single Paragraph - The penalty increases twice, if the cuadrilha or gang  is armed.

[unofficial translation]

Acusado:
J.M.R.
Acusación/Reclamación:
International Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 231 combined with article 71 and article 69


Acusación/Reclamación:
Favouring Prostitution or other form of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 228, §3º

Acusación/Reclamación:
Ruffianism
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 230

Acusación/Reclamación:
Organized Criminal Group
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 288

Acusado:
L.T.M.
Acusación/Reclamación:
International Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 231 combined with article 71 and article 69

Acusación/Reclamación:
Favouring Prostitution or other form of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 228, §3º

Acusación/Reclamación:
Ruffianism
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 230

Acusación/Reclamación:
Organized Criminal Group
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 288

Acusado:
M.O.B.
Acusación/Reclamación:
International Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 231 combined with article 71 and article 69

Acusación/Reclamación:
Favouring Prostitution or other form of Sexual Exploitation
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 228, §3º

Acusación/Reclamación:
Ruffianism
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 230

Acusación/Reclamación:
Organized Criminal Group
Legislación/Código:

Penal Code, article 288

Fuentes/Citas

Processo nº 0011221-27.2009.4.03.6181 RSE 5712

Comentarios y Características Significativas

The decision analyzed an appeal filled by the Federal Public Prosecution.

The Judge of the First Instance received the complaint partially, once he understood that the defendants D. and J. should not be charged with the crime of organized criminal group, in the terms of the article 288 of the Penal Code, because it is a crime unique and permanent with association to the practice of the same penal types that the defendants have already been denounced in the process nº 2009.61.81.007268-7, configuring bis in idem.

The Federal Public Prosecution appealed against the decision arguing that the organized criminal group of the process nº 2009.61.81.007268-7 was not the same as the group in the present process. In the present case, the criminal organization is formed by D., J., M. and L., whereas the other process concerns the criminal group of D., J., M. and L. The appellant claimed that the facts alleged by the defendants are distinct, being identical only the juridical fundament of the punishments, which it is not enough to reject the denounce in accordance to the bis in idem principle.

The Court of Second Instance considered that the Federal Public Prosecution had the reason. The Appellate Court noted that the international trafficking in person and the correlated crimes are not identical in the both penal actions since the women sent abroad were not the same in each of the episodes investigated. The Court also pointed out that the documents gathered demonstrate that the defendants Dean and Jason belong to more than one organized criminal group for the purpose of sexual exploitation in the Dominican Republic, since they received women recruited from different groups not associate with each other. There are at least two groups that D. and J. allied with. The first one, object of the process nº 2009.61.81.007268-7, is formed by D., J., M. and L. The second one, is the criminal group formed by the defendants D., J., M. and L., mentioned in the denounce of the penal process object of the present appeal.

Thus, the Court deliberated that once the defendants D. and J. integrate two independent gangs, it is not plausible to talk about the occurrence of bis in idem.

It is important to notice that the Court of Appeal did not enter in the merit, because at the time of the decision the judgement that should be made it was about the plausibility of the complaint, based in the evidence, which should reveal sufficient indicia concerning the authorship and materiality to trigger the criminal action. In accordance to the principle of in dubio pro societa, the Court decided that the denounce should be integrally received by the Judge of First Instance.

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