Case Law Database

Trafficking in persons

Lennox

Fact Summary

After meeting Mr Lennox at a downtown Montreal nightclub, the victim, a 17-year-old girl, was seduced and later brought to Toronto. Mr Lennox eventually forced her into prostitution and took control of all her earnings. As the victim initially did not have the necessary identification documents for employment in an exotic dance club, she was made to prostitute on the street, and then as an escort and exotic dancer. The victim was also subjected to threats and intimidation when she wished to leave the sex trade.

Note: These case facts are drawn directly from ‘Royal Canadian Mounted Police Criminal Intelligence, Human Trafficking in Canada (2010)’.

Author:
The University of Queensland Human Trafficking Working Group

Keywords

Acts:
Recruitment
Transportation
Harbouring
Means:
Threat or use of force or other forms of coercion
Abuse of power or a position of vulnerability
Purpose of Exploitation:
Exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation
Form of Trafficking:
Internal
Sector in which exploitation takes place:
Commercial sexual exploitation

Cross-Cutting Issues

Liability

... for

• completed offence

... based on

• criminal intention

... as involves

• principal offender(s)

Offending

Involved Countries

Canada

Investigation Procedure

Involved Agencies

• Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Procedural Information

Legal System:
Common Law
Latest Court Ruling:
Court of 1st Instance
Type of Proceeding:
Criminal

1st Instance:

Lennox plead guilty in December 2008.

 
 

Victims / Plaintiffs in the first instance

Victim:
Anonymous 1
Gender:
Child
Victim:
Anonymous 2
Gender:
Child
Victim:
Anonymous 3
Gender:
Female
Victim:
Anonymous 4
Gender:
Female

Defendants / Respondents in the first instance

Defendant:
Michael Mark Lennox
Gender:
Male
Age:
22
Born:
1975
Legal Reasoning:

In December 2008 Mr Lennox plead guilty to trafficking an underage female and procuring three other persons (one under 18) to become prostitutes. He was sentenced to two years imprisonment but received “double-credit” for the time he served in custody prior to the trial. As a result of this he spent only a week in jail after his date of conviction.

Charges / Claims / Decisions

Defendant:
Michael Mark Lennox
Legislation / Statute / Code:

Section 279.01 Criminal Code (Canada):

279.011 (1) Every person who recruits, transports, transfers, receives, holds, conceals or harbours a person under the age of eighteen years, or exercises control, direction or influence over the movements of a person under the age of eighteen years, for the purpose of exploiting them or facilitating their exploitation is guilty of an indictable offence and liable

(a) to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of six years if they kidnap, commit an aggravated assault or aggravated sexual assault against, or cause death to, the victim during the commission of the offence; or

(b) to imprisonment for a term of not more than fourteen years and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of five years, in any other case.

Consent

(2) No consent to the activity that forms the subject-matter of a charge under subsection (1) is valid.

Charge details:
Trafficking of a person under the age of 18
Verdict:
Guilty
Legislation / Statute / Code:

Section 212 Criminal Code (Canada)

Charge details:
Procuring a person to become a prostitute
Verdict:
Guilty
Term of Imprisonment:
2 years

Court

Unknown court, Montreal

Sources / Citations

Primary Source: Royal Canadian Mounted Police Criminal Intelligence, Human Trafficking in Canada (2010).