The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) handbook on the Classification of Prisoners defines Classification “as the placement or allocation of prisoners to one of several custody or supervision levels to match the prisoners’ individual risks and needs to correctional resources and the appropriate supervision regime.” Classification, often used interchangeably with “separation”, is a more holistic approach that helps with the identification of risks and needs of inmates on an individual basis. The process enables a deep dive into the age, gender, legal reason for detention and historical background of the inmates, to design tailored interventions that promote effective rehabilitation and reintegration.
To strengthen the capacity of the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS) on inmate classification, UNODC convened NCoS officers to a 4-day training workshop on international minimum standards and good practices related to the classification of inmates. The training was part of a series of trainings for NCoS officers to improve their practices concerning the separation and classification of inmates in Nigerian custodial centres. 31 officers up to the rank of Controllers of Correction participated in the training, which was held in Abuja from 12 to 15 March 2024. The training also included the treatment of inmates with special needs, women and those assessed to be of high risk.
From interactive group exercises to in-depth discussions on risk assessment, needs identification, criminogenic needs and more, officers gained valuable insights into the multifaceted process of classifying inmates. The session provided a platform for participants to explore the complexities of managing incarcerated populations, equipping them with practical tools and strategies to enhance decision-making and optimize rehabilitation efforts within correctional facilities. Amidst lively discussions and engaging activities, participants expanded their knowledge and fostered a deeper understanding of the importance of effective inmate classification in promoting safety, security, and successful reintegration into society.
Reflecting on the training, Controller of Corrections Cyrus Lakitile during his closing remarks, described the training as “educative, insightful, exciting and inspiring”, adding that the training had also helped officers make a distinction between separation and classification of inmates – “what we have been doing all along was mostly separation of inmates”.
Similarly, from 28 to 31 May, UNODC held a training workshop for 23 senior management and frontline correctional officers from Abuja, Adamawa, Borno, and Gombe States in Lagos. The workshop provided another profound opportunity for UNODC to enhance the capacity of Nigerian Correctional Service officers in inmate classification. Participants explored the intricacies of inmate classification, including distinguishing between separation and classification.
To foster regional learning experiences, UNODC also facilitated the participation of two officers from the Namibian Correctional Service. These officers shared best practices from Namibia, highlighting how their classification system upholds inmate dignity and ensures the practical application of the Nelson Mandela Rules. The knowledge exchange was highly instructive, with officers from the Nigerian Correctional Service describing it as “encouraging.”
Speaking on the timeliness of the training, CSC N.H. Labo remarked, “This training is an eye-opener, coming at a time when we are reforming the Service. It’s also a rallying point towards putting the service on the global pedestal.” CSP S. Abdullahi added, “For the most part, we have been doing separation, not classification. This training has broadened my perspective.”
The inmate classification training was planned as part of activities under the project, ‘Strengthening the capacity of the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS) to ensure the safe, secure and humane custody of pre-trial detainees and sentenced prisoners in selected facilities in the North-Eastern States’ which is funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, the U.S. State Department (INL) and implemented by UNODC in Nigeria, with a focus on 6 prisons in Adamawa, Borno and Gombe States.