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International Framework for Action to Implement the Trafficking in Persons Protocol
The
International Framework for Action is a technical assistance tool that supports United Nations Member States in the effective implementation of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (United Nations Trafficking Protocol), supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC).
The International Framework for Action consists of a narrative part and a set of tables. The narrative describes key challenges in the implementation of the United Nations Trafficking Protocol and proposes general measures that can be taken in order to more effectively address these challenges. The set of tables details these measures further, through five pillars containing practical actions to support the implementation of the United Nations Trafficking Protocol.
The International Framework for Action is the result of broad participation between anti-trafficking partners including Anti-Slavery International, Council of Europe, End child prostitution, child pornography and trafficking of children for sexual purposes (ECPAT), International Organization for Migration (IOM), International Labour Organization (ILO), Intervention Centre for Victims of Trafficking in Women (LEFOE-IBF), Organization of American States (OAS), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Terre des homes International Federation (Tdh), The Protection Project, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies,United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women/Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDAW/DESA), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
First Aid Kit for use by Law Enforcement Responders in addressing Human Trafficking
Arabic - Chinese - English - French - Russian - Spanish
People providing first aid take first steps to identify problems and to stabilize and prepare patients for further treatment by experts. Law enforcement first responders fighting human trafficking carry out similar functions. They take first steps:
• To identify human trafficking
• To stabilize and control the human trafficking situation
• To prepare victims and pass information on to investigators
Those providing medical first aid need to know how to instantly and temporarily treat injuries and illnesses. Similarly, law enforcement officers providing first aid need to know how to instantly and temporarily deal with crimes and incidents. The kind of emergency treatment that law enforcement officers provide in cases of human trafficking is similar to that provided in other criminal cases, but there are some important aspects specific to human trafficking that officers need to know about.
The first aid kit is not intended as a substitute for in-depth, specialised response to human trafficking, but is offered as a tool to help persons who may come into contact with trafficked persons, to take the vital first steps necessary to protect victims and catch the criminals involved.
UNODC Model Law against Trafficking in Persons
The UNODC Model Law against Trafficking in Persons has been developed to assist States in implementing the provisions contained in the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing that Convention. It aims to facilitate the review and amendment of existing legislation as well as the adoption of new legislation.
The Model Law covers not only the criminalization of trafficking in persons and related offences, but also the different aspects of assistance to victims as well as establishing cooperation between different state authorities and NGOs. Each provision is accompanied by a detailed commentary, providing several options for legislators, as appropriate, and legal sources and examples.
Read more about the Model law here
Download the UNODC Model Law against Trafficking in Persons
Combating Trafficking in Persons: A Handbook for Parliamentarians
Arabic - English - French - Russian - Spanish
The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and UNODC, in the framework of the Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (UN.GIFT), launched the publication Combating trafficking in persons: A Handbook for Parliamentarians.
As public awareness of human trafficking grows, people are demanding that action be taken to end it. As elected representatives, parliamentarians have a responsibility and the power to ensure that laws and other measures are put in place and implemented to that end. The Handbook is intended to inspire them to enact sound laws and adopt good practices that will strengthen national responses to human trafficking.
Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons
(2nd edition, October 2008)
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Online Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons
"The fact that trafficking in persons occurs today is a horrifying reality. The fact that there is more we could be doing collectively to combat it should be a global call to arms." (UNODC Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons).
The 123 tools contained in the Toolkit offer guidance, recommended resources, and promising practices to policymakers, law enforcers, judges, prosecutors, victim service providers and members of civil society who are working in interrelated spheres towards preventing trafficking, protecting and assisting victims and promoting international cooperation.
To download individual Tools, visit our Online Toolkit.
Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons
(1st edition, 2006) English - Russian - Arabic - Spanish - French
UNODC's Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons provides practical help to Governments, policy-makers, police, NGOs and others to enable them to tackle human trafficking more effectively. The Toolkit details a range of practices and methods currently in use throughout the world such as checklists to help identify trafficking victims as well as guidance on interviewing victims and victim protection. Other tools help police to undertake cross-border investigations and advise government officials on how to ensure the safe repatriation of victims. These and many other current "best practices" are available for immediate use and adaptation worldwide.
Manual for Training Police on Anti-Human Trafficking (2008, UNODC Regional Office for South Asia)
Journey to Justice: Manual on Psychosocial Intervention
Trafficking Women and Children for Sexual Exploitation: Handbook for Law Enforcement Agencies in India (UNIFEM, UNODC 2007) English - Hindi
Anti-Human Trafficking guide for Prosecutors
This publication is disseminated by the General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Moldova. For more information, contact:
Mr. Eduard Bulat
Head of Department to Prevent and Combat Trafficking in Persons
General Prosecutor's Office, Republic of Moldova
Email: e.bulat@procuratura.md
Training Materials
Anti-Human Trafficking Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners
In line with the Trafficking in Persons Protocol supplementing the United Nations Transnational Organised Crime Convention, the purpose of the United Nations Anti-Human Trafficking Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners was brought about to support prevention of human trafficking, protection of its victims, prosecution of its culprits and international cooperation to these ends.
Read more about the Manual and its creation in the Introduction
The wide-circulation modules in the Manual address:
1. Definition of trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants
2. Indicators of trafficking in persons
3. Psychological reaction of victims of trafficking in persons
4. Control methods in trafficking in persons
5. Risk assessment in trafficking in persons investigation
6. International cooperation in trafficking in persons cases
7. Crime scene and physical evidence examinations in trafficking in persons investigations
8. Interviewing victims of trafficking in persons who are potential witnesses.
9. Interviewing child victims of trafficking in persons
10. Interpreters in trafficking in persons investigations
11. Victims needs in criminal justice proceedings in trafficking in persons cases
12. Protection and assistance to victims-witnesses in trafficking in persons cases
13. Compensation for victims of trafficking in persons
14. Considerations in sentencing in trafficking in persons cases
Contact us for more information about the Anti-Human Trafficking Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners
Training Manual: Assistance for the Implementation of the ECOWAS Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons
The Meeting of ECOWAS Heads of States, in December 2001, adopted a Declaration and the ECOWAS Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons (2002-2003). It directed the ECOWAS Executive Secretarian to prepare proposals for controlling trafficking in persons in the sub-region, with special consideration to the situation of children.
The Training Manual: Assistance for the Implementation of the ECOWAS Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons presents the definitions of trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants as well as general guidelines on investigation and prosecution of cases related to trafficking in human beings, with a focus on cooperation between ECOWAS Member States. This Manual is to be used as a reference material and in training activities.
Compendium on Best Practices on Anti-Human Trafficking by Law Enforcement Agencies
A 2007 publication of UNODC Regional Office for South Asia, compiled by the Institute of Social Sciences, New Delhi, India, with the help of police agencies of various states.
Compendium on Best Practices on Anti-Human Trafficking by Non-Governmental Organizations
A 2008 publication of UNODC Regional Office for South Asia, highlights successful initiatives of NGOs and their partners from other sectors with respect to the prevention of human trafficking, the protection of its victims and the prosecution of its culprits.
Training manual for judges and prosecutors on Combating Human Trafficking - Moldova
A course and curriculum on combating human trafficking was developed as a joint initiative of UNODC, the Moldovan National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and the OSCE Mission to Moldova. The course, designed for judges and prosecutors, comprises two sections.
The first section concerns substantive law and the second concerns procedural law. The former section addresses issues related to the definition of human trafficking in criminal law and the differences between human trafficking and related crimes. This section also address root causes of human trafficking, victim identification and methods to combat and prevent human trafficking.
The second section on procedural law addresses the competencies of agencies involved in preventing and combating human trafficking, specific features of the investigation process in cases of human trafficking, collaboration between different agencies involved in investigating and prosecuting human trafficking cases, and international cooperation.
This training manual is available here in Romanian.
Reports
Global Report on Trafficking in Persons
On 12 February 2009, UNODC launched the Global Report on Trafficking in Persons.
Based on data gathered from 155 countries, it offers the first global assessment of the scope of human trafficking and what is being done to fight it. It includes: an overview of trafficking patterns; legal steps taken in response; and country-specific information on reported cases of trafficking in persons, victims, and prosecutions.
The Executive Summary of the Global Report is available in:
To download the executive summary in all languages click here
The following individual regional profiles can be downloaded:
Central America and the Caribbeans
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Or download the full version of the Global Report on Trafficking in Persons.
For more information about the report, click here
Regional assessment on penal prosecution capacities to investigate trafficking in persons in Central America - in Spanish
The aim of this study, developed by UNODC Regional Office for Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, in collaboration with the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD, San José, Costa Rica) is to asses the political, legal, financial, institutional and technical conditions of those institutions in charge of investigating, prosecuting and judging trafficking in persons, as well as providing recommendations to overcome any obstacles in those areas.
The main findings of the assessment (lack of knowledge of investigative techniques and of mutual legal assistance procedures, confusion between trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants, among others) have served as primary inputs for the specialized training manual that this regional project elaborated, and that is being validated through national workshops in each signatory country (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama).
Smuggling of Migrants from India to Europe and in particular to UK: A Study on Tamil Nadu, 2009
The aim of this study, commissioned by UNODC Regional Office for South Asia in collaboration with the Institute of Social Sciences, New Delhi is to assess the current extent and scope of irregular migration from Tamil Nadu with the objective of improving evidence-based knowledge on the profile of irregular migrants, the modus operandi of agents, the countries to which migration is destined, and the government response to curbing irregular migration.
Trafficking in Persons: Global Patterns
(Please note that country profiles are contained within the report appendices).
"The fact that slavery - in the form of human trafficking - still exists in the 21st century shames us all. Governments, international organizations and civil society are devoting considerable efforts to counter it, but there is still an information deficit about the extent of this tragedy. Only by understanding its depth, breadth and scope can we design policies to fight it. This understanding still eludes us: efforts to counter trafficking have so far been uncoordinated and inefficient. This Report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is our first attempt to close the knowledge gap." From the Foreword by Executive Director Antonio Maria Costa
Measures to combat trafficking in human beings in Benin, Nigeria and Togo (September 2006)
Technical Papers
Combating Trafficking in Persons in Accordance wih the Principles of Islamic Law
This paper addresses principles on the prohibition of exploitation and slavery in both International and Islamic law, as well as principles providing protection for its victims. The paper is targeted both at Islamic practitioners who want to learn more about combating human trafficking and also at anti-trafficking practitioners wanting to learn more about Islamic law.
To read more about this paper, click here
An Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability, Impact and Action
Criminal Justice Responses to Human Trafficking
From Protection to Prosecution - A strategic approach
Supply management, Eliminating the Risks of Forced Labour and Trafficking
Human Trafficking for the Removal of Organs and Body Parts
The Role of the Media in Building Images
Technology and Human Trafficking
Corruption and Human Trafficking: The Grease that Facilitates the Crime
The Effectiveness of Legal Frameworks and Anti-Trafficking Legislation
Quantifying Human Trafficking: It's Impact and the Responses to it
Transnational Organized Crime: Impact from Source to Destination
Impact of the economic crisis on trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling
For Fact-Sheets of the Global Migration Group, click here.
Leaflets
Leaflet (pdf) about trafficking in persons Arabic - Chinese - English - French - Russian - Spanish
Leaflet (pdf) about UNODC's Global Programme Against Trafficking in Persons
Leaflet (pdf) about Human Trafficking Indicators Arabic - Chinese - English - French - Russian - Spanish
Leaflet (pdf) about Smuggling of Migrants
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Public Service Announcements
To watch and listen to UNODC's video and audio public service announcements about human trafficking, visit our human trafficking public service announcement page.
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